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Table 3 Consequences of the insertion of IS982 family elements into the promotor region (A) or the coding DNA sequence (B) of antibiotic resistance or virulence genes. The effects include the complete or partial activation/increase of expression (↑) or inactivation (↓) of the corresponding gene(s)

From: IS982 and kin: new insights into an old IS family

Insertion site Element Effect Affected gene Consequences
A. Within the promotor region ISAba4 ↑ blaOXA carbapenemase Resistance to carbapenem
ISAba9 ↑
ISAba47 ↑
ISAba825 ↑
IS1187 ↑ cfiA Resistance to carbapenem
ISLhe1 ↓ Partial Between lacL and lacR Reduction of β-galactosidase activity
B. Within the CDS IS19 ↓ D-Alanine:D-Alanine ligase Resistance to vancomycin and teicoplanin
ISEfm1 ↓ D-Alanine:D-Alanine ligase Resistance to vancomycin and teicoplanin
ISAba825 ↓ carO Resistance to carbapenem
ISSa4 ↓ cylB Loss of virulence
ISScr1 ↓ paaB Loss of virulence
ISBs1 ↓ glgB Negative impact on the cell metabolism and physiology
IS195 ↓ Partial Cysteine protease Disruption of its Arg-X cleavage ➔ Decrease in virulence
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Mobile DNA

ISSN: 1759-8753